关于药膳你了解多少

飞舞的胖子

在上篇文章里小编为大家介绍了几个中医冬季养生的小知识，包括温养进补、早睡晚起、保暖护脚和补充水分。今天在这里要为大家着重介绍一下有关温养进补的更加详细和具体的知识—药膳（Medicated Diet)
   药膳是在中医辨证配膳理论指导下，由药物、食物和调料三者精制而成的一种既有药物功效，又有食品美味，用以防病治病、强身益寿的特殊食品。
   Medicated diet is a special highly finished diet made from Chinese drugs,food and condiments under the theoretical guidance of diet preparabased on differenthat ion of symptoms and signs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It has not only the efficiency of medicine but also the delicacy of food, and can be used to prevent and cure diseashes,build up one’s health and prolong one’s life.
    如今正值寒冬，冬天是感冒等呼吸道疾病多发的季节。感冒又称“上呼吸道感染”，中医认为是因外邪侵袭人体所致。为缩短病程，忠感冒时，可根据辨证选用适当药膳治疗。
Now it is cold winter, winter is a cold and other respiratory diseases season. Common cold is also known as "upper respiratory tract infection ".TCM holds that it results from exopathogensattacking the body. When having a cold, one can be treated with proper medicated diet according to the differentiation of syndromes so as to shorten the course of disease.
1.常见证型
Common Types of Syndromes
l)风寒型
Wind-Cold Type
主要表现为恶寒重，发热轻，无汗，头痛，鼻塞，流清涕，喉痒，咳嗽，咯痰稀薄色白，口不渴，或渴喜热饮，四肢酸痛，苔薄白，脉浮或浮紧。
Manifested mainly as strong aversion to cold, slight fever without sweating, headache, stuffynose, watery nasal discharge, itching of the throat, cough, expectoration of thin and white sputum, non-thirst or thirst and desire for hot drink, aching pain of limbs, thin and white fur, floating pulse or floating and tense pulse.
2)风热型
Wind-Heat Type
身热较著，微恶风，汗出不畅，头胀痛，鼻塞，流黄浊涕，咽喉红肿疼痛，或口咽干燥，口渴欲饮，咳嗽，痰粘或黄，舌边尖红，苔薄白或微黄，脉浮数。
Manifested as higher fever, light aversion to wind, slow sweat, distending pain in the headstuffy nose, yellow and turbid nasal discharge, red-swollen and sore throat, or dry mouth and throat, thirst and strong desire for drink, cough, sticky or yellow phlegm, red margin and tip of the tongue with thin and white fur or light yellowish fur, floating and rapid pulse.
3)暑湿型
Summer-Heat and Dampness Type
夏季感冒，身热，微恶风，无汗或微汗，头昏重胀痛，心烦，口渴，肢体酸重或疼痛;或口中粘腻，渴不多饮，胸闷，恶心，小便短黄，苔薄黄或黄腻， 脉濡数。
Manifested as catching cold in summer, marked by fever, light aversion t wind, absence of sweating or slight sweat, heaviness and dis- tending pain in the head, vexation, thirst, heaviness sensation and aching pain of limbs, ropy and greasy mouth, thirst but drink little .oppressed sensation in the chest, nausea, oliguriawith yellowish urine, thin and yellow fur or yellow and greasy fur, soft and floating and rapid pulse.
2.食疗中药
Dietetic Chinese Drugs
1) 生姜
Fresh ginger (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens)
性微温， 有一定解表散风寒作用。适用于风寒型感冒。
Slight warm in nature and able to induce diaphoresis to dispel wind and cold pathogens to a certain degree, it is applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
2)葱白
Chinese green onion (Bulbus Allii Fistulosi)
有疏散风寒、 发汗解表作用。用于风寒型感冒轻症，常与淡豆豉同用。
Dispelling wind and cold and inducing diaphoresis to relieve exterior syndrome, it is used to treat light common cold of wind-cold type, and often taken along with prepared soybean (Semen Sojae Praeparatum).
3)淡豆豉
Prepared soybean (Semen Sojae Praeparatum)
为大豆加工制品，既能疏散表邪，又能宣散郁热。感冒之风寒型、风热型均可应用。
A product made from soybean. It can not only dispel pathogenic factor attacking the exterior of the body but also stagnant heat. Common cold of cither wind-cold type or wind-heat type can be treated with it.
4)菊花
Chrysenthemum flower (Flos Chrysanthemi)
有疏散风热的作用。可用于风热型感冒，尤以黄菊花较佳。常入药粥、药茶中使用。
Dispelling wind-heat, it is used to treat common cold of wind-heat type. Of all kinds of chrysanthemum flowers, the yellow one is most effective, and is often used as an ingredient of medicated gruel or medicated tea.
3.药膳复方
Composite Medicated Diet
1)姜糖茶
Ginger and Sugar Tea (Jiang Tang Cha)
生姜9克(洗净切丝)，红糖12克，开水沏，趁热顿服。服后宜卧床盖被出微汗。适用于风寒型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
clean shredded fresh ginger, Rhizoma ZingiberisRecens.   9g
brown sugar.  12g
PROCESS
Infuse them in boilingwater.
DIRECTIONS
To betaken warm at a time.After taking it, one should lie in bed until he or she perspires a bit. It is applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
2)葱豉黄酒汤
Decoction of Chinese Green Onion, Prepared Soybean and Yellow Wine (Cong Chi HuangjiuTang)
连须葱白30克，淡豆豉15克，黄酒50克。先煎煮豆豉约10分钟，再放入洗净切碎的连须葱白，继续煎煮5分钟，滤出煎液，加入黄酒，趁热服用。1日分2次服。适用于风寒型感冒.
INGREDIENTS
Chinese green onion,Bulbus Allii Fistulosi (with
hairs).   30g
prepared soybean, Semen Sojae Praeparatum. 15g
yellow rice or millet wine.  50g
PROCESS
First decoct theprepared soybean for10 minutes; then put in the cut-up Chinese green onion with hairs and go on decocting for 5 minutes more; and finally sift the decoction from the dregs and pour in the wine.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken warm, twice a day.It is applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
3)五神汤
Five-Ingredient Decoction (Wu Shen Tang)
荆芥9 克，苏叶9克(洗净),茶叶6克，生姜9克，煎煮，滤汁去渣，加入红糖30克，搅拌使糖溶解。1日内分数次服用。适用于风寒型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
schizonepeta, Herba Schizonepetae.  9g
clean perila leaf, Folium Perillaec.   9g
tea leaves, Folium Camelliae Sinensis.  6g
fresh giner, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens.   9g
brown sugar.   30g
PROCESS
Decoct the first four ingredients and sift the liquid from the dregs; then put in the brown sugar and stir it to have it dissolved.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken in several separate doses on the same day. It is applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
4)神仙粥
Gruel of Fresh Ginger and Glutinous Rice (Shenxian Zhou)
生姜6克，糯米100克(淘洗净),共煮一、二沸，放入洗净切碎的连须葱白30克，继续隶，待粥将成时加入米醋10毫升，稍煮，趁热服用。服后宜盖被静卧，微出汗。适用于风寒型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
fresh giner, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens.  6g
clean polished glutinous rice, Semen OryzaeGlutinosae.  100g
Chinesc green onion, Bulbus Allii Fistulosi (with hairs).   30g
millet vinegar.   10ml
PROCESS
Cook the fresh ginger and the rice until theycome to one or two boils, then put in the Chinese green onion which has been washed clean and cut up and go on cooking. finally when the gruel is nearly done, pour in the millet vinegar and cook for a while.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken hot. After taking it, one should lie in bed until he or she perspires a bit.  Applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
5)荆芥粥
)Schizonepeta Gruel (Jingjie Zhou)
荆芥9克，薄荷3克，淡豆豉9克，煎煮，沸后5分钟，滤出药汁，去渣，加入粳米100克煮粥，稍煮即成。每日2次，温热服食。适用于风寒型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
schizonepeta, Herba Schizonepetae. 9g
peppermint, Herba Menthae. 3g
prepared soybean, Semen Sojae Praeparatum.  9g
polished round-grained rice, Semen OryzaeSativae.  100g
PROCESS
Decoct the first three ingredients and sift the decoction from the dregs five minutes after they begin boil- ing; then make gruel with the decoction and the rice. It will be done in a few minutes.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken warm, twice a day.It is applicable to common cold of wind-cold type.
6)菊花芦根茶
Tea of Chrysanthemum Flower and Reed Rhizome (Juhua Lugen Cha)
菊花6克，芦根21克(鲜者加倍)，水煎(或开水沏)代茶饮。适用于风热型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
chrysanthemum flower, Flos Chrysanthemi. 6g
reed rhizome, Rhizoma Phragmitis.  21g
(double it if the fresh is used)
PROCESS
Decoct them or infuse them in boiling water.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken as a drink. Applicable to common cold of wind-heat type.
7)桑菊薄豉饮
Drink of Mulberry Leaf, Chrysanthemum Flower, Pep- permint and Prepared Soybean (Sang Ju Bo Chi Yin)
桑叶、 菊花各9克，薄荷、淡豆豉各6克，芦根15克(鲜者加倍)。水煎，1 日内分数次饮服;或开水沏，代茶饮。患风热型感冒者宜服。
INGREDIENTS
mulberry leaf, Folium Mori. 9g
chrysanthemum flower, Flos Chrysanthemi.   9g
peppermint, Herba Menthae. 6g
prepared soybean, Semen Sojae Praeparatum. 6g
reed rhizome, Rhizoma Phragmitis. 15g
(double the amount if fresh)
PROCESS
Decoct them in water for oral administration. Or infuse them for drinking instead of tea.
DIRECTIONS
The decoction is to be taken several times each day. It is applicable to common cold of wind-heat type.
8)薄菊粥
Gruel of Peppermint and Chrysanthemum Flower (Bo Ju Zhou)
薄荷 、菊花各9克，桑叶、淡竹叶各6克。水煎，沸后5分钟，滤出药汁，去渣，加入粳米100克煮粥，稍煮即成。每日分2次服食。适用于风热型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
peppermint, Herba Menthae. 9g
chrysanthemum flower, Flos Chrysanthemi. 9g
mulberry leaf, Folium Mori.  6g
lophatherum, Herba Lophatheri. 6g
polished round-grained rice, Semen OryzaeSativae.  100g
PROCESS
Decoct the first four ingredients in water and strain the dregs out of the decoction after they have been boiling for five minutes; then put the rice into the decoction to make gruel. In a few minutes the gruel will be done.
DIRECTIONS
To be takenntwice each day.The gruel is applicable to common cold of wind-heat type.
9)薏米扁豆粥   
Gruel of Job's Tears Seed and Hyacinth Bean(Yimi Biandou Zhou)
意苡仁、白扁豆各30克， 粳米10克，共煮成粥。每日分2次服食。适用于暑湿型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
job's tears seed, Semen Coicis.  30g
white hyacinth bean, Semen Dolichoris Album.  30g
polished round-grained rice, Semen OryzaeSativae.  100g
PROCESS
Make gruel with the three ingredients.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken twice a day. Applicable to patients with common cold of summer-heat and dampnesstype.
10）藿香代茶饮
Wrinkled Giant-HyssopDrink (Huoxiang Dai Cha rin)
鲜藿香叶， 鲜荷叶各12克(干者减半)，白糖适量。水煎(或开水沏)，代茶饮。适用于暑湿型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
fresh leaves of wrinkled giant-hyssop, Folium Pogostemonis seu Agastachis   12g (reduce it to 6g if the dried is used)
firesh lotus leaf, Flium Nelumbinis.   12g. (6g if dried)
white sugar.  right amount
PROCESS
Decoct them in water or infuse them in boil- ingwater.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken as a drink. It is applicable to those suffering from common cold of summer-heat and dampness type.
11)香薷扁豆茶
Tea of Elscholtzia and Hyacinth Bean (XiangruBiandouCha)
香薷9克，白扁豆12克(炒黄捣碎)，陈皮3克，荷叶6克,白糖适量。水煎(或开水沏)，代茶饮。适用于暑湿型感冒。
INGREDIENTS
elscholtzia, Herba Elsholtziae. 9g
white hyacinth bean, Semen Dolichoris Album(parched yellow and pounded).  12g
tangerine peel, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. 3g
lotus leaf, Folium Nelumbinis.  6g
white sugar.  right amount
PROCESS
Decoct them in water or infuse them in boilingwater.
DIRECTIONS
To be taken as a drink. Applicable to those sufring from common cold of summer-heat and dampness type.
那么今天关于药膳的知识就先到这里了，我们下期再见。
编辑：微中医-双语视界